#PAVLOV NOBELIST SKIN#In order to investigate the production of secretion in the big digestive glands, that communicate with the digestive canal only by means of tubes, we cut from the wall of the digestive canal small pieces, in the centre of which were the normal openings of the secretory ducts we then closed the opening in the wall of the canal by stitching, and the excised pieces were sutured to the corresponding site on the surface of the skin with the openings of the secretory ducts to the outside. It is perfectly clear that successful study of the digestive process, as of any other function of the organism, depends to a considerable degree on whether we succeed in finding the nearest and most convenient point of view on the process under observation and in removing all intervening processes between the phenomena under observation and the observer. In doing so I deem it my duty to recall with profound gratitude my numerous laboratory co-workers. As is known, they are called ferments.įrom this general description of the digestive process I shall turn to facts relating to this process established by me and by the laboratory of which I am in charge. These substances which act in vitro just as well as in the digestive canal, and which, therefore, are objects of chemical investigation entirely subject to laws, have so far, however, defied chemical analysis. The reagents are, on the one hand, aqueous solutions of such well-known chemical substances as hydrochloric acid, soda, etc., on the other hand, however, substances which are found only in a living organism and which break up the main components of food (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) with such ease (so rapidly, at such a low temperature, and in such small quantities) as no other chemically well-studied substance could perform. They either take care of the passage of the components of food from one laboratory to another, or detain them for a certain time in a given laboratory or, finally, expel them when they prove harmful to the organism moreover, they participate in the mechanical processing of the food, aiding the chemical action on it by thorough mixing, etc.Ī special, so-called glandular tissue which is either also a constituent part of the wall of the digestive canal, or lies beyond it in the shape of separate masses and communicates with it by means of tubes, produces chemical reagents, the so-called digestive juices that flow into separate segments of the digestive tract. The mechanical apparatuses are formed by muscular tissue that is a constituent part of the wall of the digestive canal. The physiologist who succeeds in penetrating deeper and deeper into the digestive canal becomes convinced that it consists of a number of chemical laboratories equipped with various mechanical devices. as it were the external surface of the body, but turned inwards and thus hidden in the organism. The digestive canal represents a tube passing through the entire organism and communicating with the external world, i.e. The first stage through which the food substances introduced from without must pass, is the digestive canal the first vital action on these substances, or to be more exact and objective, their first participation in life, in its process, constitutes what we call the digestion. Present-day physiology can but engage in the continuous accumulation of material for the achievement of this distant aim. Precise knowledge of what happens to the food entering the organism must be the subject of ideal physiology, the physiology of the future. Food finding its way into the organism where it undergoes certain changes – is decomposed, enters into new combinations and again dissociates – represents the process of life in all its fullness, from such elementary physical properties of the organism as weight, inertia, etc., all the way to the highest manifestations of human nature. It is not accidental that all phenomena of human life are dominated by the search for daily bread – the oldest link connecting all living things, man included, with the surrounding nature. Nobel Lecture, DecemPhysiology of Digestion
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |